PALE-Blu project outputs

PALE-Blu eNewletter

PALE-Blu — Tue, 08 Feb 2022 18:00:25 +0000

PALE-Blu eNewletter PALE-Blu Tue, 02/08/2022 - 18:00

For the end of the PALE-Blu project an eNewsletter was produced to publicise the findings conclusions and outputs from the project. The newsletter was produced by our partners at Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale" (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy.

Download the eNewsletter here as a PDF...

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PALE-Blu-Newsletter.pdf

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Pale-Blu Factsheet 2

PALE-Blu — Wed, 22 Dec 2021 17:19:34 +0000

Pale-Blu Factsheet 2 PALE-Blu Wed, 12/22/2021 - 17:19

Paleblu Factsheet 2:

A factsheet on Bluetongue prepared by the PALE-Blu consortium for consumption by our scientific peers. Outlining the current state of play for the virus and outlining who we are and how we are attempting to tackle the virus.

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PALE BLU factsheet 2.pdf

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Control of Animal Disease, Exemplified by Vaccination against Bluetongue in Ruminants

PALE-Blu — Mon, 16 Sep 2019 13:12:18 +0000

Control of Animal Disease, Exemplified by Vaccination against Bluetongue in Ruminants PALE-Blu Mon, 09/16/2019 - 13:12

3rd Annual Meeting Giulianova 2019

PALE-Blu — Thu, 18 Jul 2019 10:22:30 +0000

3rd Annual Meeting Giulianova 2019 PALE-Blu Thu, 07/18/2019 - 10:22

Our 2019 annual co-ordination meeting was held in Giulianova, Italy on the 25th and 26th of September 2019. Our annual event was hosted by Chiara Albenello and our Italian partners at the Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale" (IZSAM).

The presentations are available for download below:

The agenda for PALE-Blu meeting 2019

Giulianova (TE) Italy. The meeting took place on the 25^th and 26^th September 2019.

Day 1 (25^th September 2019)
Time	Speaker and (Institution)	Title of talk
08:45 - 9:15 Registration and Coffee
Session 1 : Chairs: P. Mertens & Giovanni savini
9:15 – 09:30	Peter Mertens (Coordinator) (UNott – UK)	Welcome: PALE-Blu: welcome and introduction
09:30 – 09:45	Zati Vatansever (Turkey)	Talk 1: Monitoring of vector Culicoides species and important arboviral disease in Turkey
9:45 -10:00	Giovanni Savini Alessio Lorusso, Giuseppe Mancini, Barbara Alessandrini (IZSAM – Italy)	Talk 2:
10:00 - 10:15	Christina Ries (FLI - Germany)	Talk 3: “Update of the FLI activities in the PALE-blu project”
10:15 - 10:35	Natalie Golender (KVI - Israel)	Talk 4: "Novel findings on circulating Bluetongue virus strains in Israel ".
10:35 - 10:55	Antoine Mignotte, Karine Huber and Claire Garros (CIRAD - France)	Talk 5: “The tree that hides the forest: Cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Palearctic species vector complex Culicoides obsoletus/ C. scoticus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the European level”
10:55-11:30 Coffee break
Session 2 : Chairs: Stephan Zientara & Simon Carpenter
11:30 -11:50	S. Zientara^a, E. Bréard^a, C. Viarouge^a, Lydie Postic^a, G Belbis^b, J Rivière^b, C. Sailleau^a, D. Vitour^a, G Zanella^c (Anses / INRA – France)	Talk 6: “New clinical pattern of Bluetongue serotype 8 in continental France”
11:50- 12:10	C. Aguilar-Vega^1, E. Fernández-Carrión¹, J.M. Sánchez-Vizcaíno*¹ (UCM - Spain)	Talk 7: “BTV evolutionary dynamics. Epidemic and endemic scenarios for BTV-1 using Culicoides spp. abundance data”
12:10-12:30	Soukaina Daif (IAV Morocco)	Talk 8: Molecular survey of Bluetongue virus in Morocco
12:30-12:50	Assane G. Fall, Modou M. Lo, Marie Cécile B. Gahn, Moussa Fall, Mamadou Ciss, Mbengué Ndiaye, Biram Bitèye, Andrea Apolloni and Momar T. Seck (ISRA – Senegal)	Talk 9: "Development of protocol for collection of eggs from field Culicoides and their packaging for transport and others progress in PALE-Blu activities in Senegal"
12:50-13:10	Simon Carpenter (TPI - UK)	Talk 10: 'Vector competence studies with Culicoides'
13:10 - 14:40 Lunch break
Session 3: Chair: Javier Ortego & David Haig

14:40-15:00	Mirizami Ali, John Lijo (SVA Sweden)	Talk 11: Genome wide screening to uncover the novel hits for resistance against Bluetongue virus (BTV)
15:00-15:20	Massimo Palmarini (UGLA-UK)	Talk 12: “The genetic bases of BTV resilience”
15:20-15:40	Theocharis Tsoleridis, Richard Urbanowicz, Johnathan Ball (UNott - UK)	Talk 13: “Interrogating sheep antibody repertoires using next-generation sequencing”.
15:40-16:00	Piet A. van Rijn, and René G.P. van Gennip (WBVR)	Talk 14: “Report on early protection against one serotype in cattle by mono-serotype DISA vaccination”.
16:00-16:30 Coffee break
Chair: David Haig & Piet Van Rijn
16:30 – 16:50	Piet A. van Rijn, and René G.P. van Gennip (WBVR)	Talk 15: “Report on protection in sheep by vaccination with a cocktail of DISA vaccines”
16:50 - 17:10	Sergio Utrilla-Trigo, Eva Calvo-Pinilla, Sarah Gilbert, Aitor Nogales, Javier Ortego (INIA - Spain)	Talk 16: “Immunization with ChAdOx1 and MVA vaccines expressing protein NS1 enhances CD8 T cell responses that protect mice and sheep against bluetongue virus”.
17:10 – 17:30	Jennifer Matthews (UoN - UK)	Talk 17: Finances
End of Scientific session for Day 1
Dinner: 19:30



Day 2 - Session 4 : Chair: Nicholas Svitek & Massimo Palmarini
09:00-09:20	Serafin Gutierrez (CIRAD) Kyriaki Nomikou (UNott - UK)	Talk 18: "Developments in virome analysis from Culicoides samples"
09:20-09:40	Nicholas Svitek, Robert Muriuki, Lucilla Steinaa	Talk 19: “BTV in Kenya – Insights from Isiolo, and progress on molecular typing and virus isolation”
09:40-10:00	David Pascall, Maude Jacquot, Kyriaki.Nomikou, Peter Mertens, Massimo Palmarini, Roman Biek (UGLA -UK)	Talk 20: David to join via Skype if neccesary
10:00-10-20	Hela Kallel (Institut Pasteur de Tunis)	Talk 21: "Progress in the expression of a chimeric VP2 protein of different BTV serotypes in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris".
10:20-10:40	Maude Jacquot, William Wint, Jean Artois, Simon Dellicour, Marius Gilbert. (ULB – Belgium)	Talk 22: “Quantifying connectivity between BT epizones through wind and livestock trade patterns”
10:40-11:20 Coffee
Session 4 (continued): Chair: Peter Mertens & Houssam Attoui
11:20 – 11:40	David Haig; Elizabeth Reid; Sarah Gilbert^* Houssam Attoui** and Peter Mertens UNott, Anses / INRA, Jenner, UOxford	Talk 23: “Update on novel BT vaccines and vaccination strategies for bluetongue virus (BTV): cross-serotype protection”.
11:40-12:00	Kyriaki Nomikou (UNott - UK)	Talk 24; TBC
12:00-12:20	Andrea Apolloni, Mamadou Ciss, Fallou Niakh and Assane Gueye Fall (CIRAD - France)	Talk 25: “The transmission potential of FCO virus among small ruminants in Senegal: the development of risk maps”.
12:20-12:40	Houssam Attoui (Anses / INRA - France)	Talk 26: Interactions of Orbiviruses and hosts.
12:40-13:00	Lesley Bell-Sakyi (University of Liverpool – UK)	Talk 27: “Bring on the midge eggs – we have our first cell line!”

13:00 - 14:30 Lunch break
14:30– 17:30 Discussion of collaborations for Objectives 1 to 6 (up to 30 minutes each) Initiated by 5 minute talk by each work package leaders
Objective 1: (WP1 & WP2) (Chairs: Kyriaki Nomikou & Roman Biek) Develop a more detailed and up-to-date molecular-epidemiology map of BTV strains circulating in domesticated and wild ruminants in Europe and neighbouring countries:
Objective 2: (WP3 & WP4) (Chairs Thomas Balenghien & Marius Gilbert) Map interactions between the environment, the composition of the Culicoides species community, the genetic characteristics of Culicoides populations and their microbiomes, to quantify connectivity between midges and virus sub-populations:
Objective 3: (WP5) (Chairs: Peter Mertens and Stephan Zientara) Develop innovative multiplex diagnostic tools for BTV identification and typing:
16:00 – 16:30 Coffee
Objective 4: (WP6, WP7, WP8, WP9) (Chairs: Peter Mertens & Simon Carpenter) Characterise orbivirus-related genetic control of infection and horizontal transmission in vertebrate hosts, as well as infection replication and vector competence in European Culicoides spp.:
Objective 5: (WP10, WP11) ( Chairs: David Haig & Massimo Palmarini) Develop novel BT vaccines, vaccination strategies and antiviral approaches for BTV:
Objective 6: (WP12) (Chairs: Peter Mertens David Haig) Project management, coordination and communications:
17:45 End of meeting

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PALE-Blu project outputs

2nd PALE-Blu Meeting Morocco 19-20/09/2018

PALE-Blu — Tue, 29 Jan 2019 20:52:48 +0000

2nd PALE-Blu Meeting Morocco 19-20/09/2018 PALE-Blu Tue, 01/29/2019 - 20:52

The 2nd annual PALE-Blu meeting was held at Institut agronomique et vétérinaire Hassan II, September 19th and 20th September 2018. The document linked below outlines the meeting agenda and includes attendance lists and abstracts of the presentations given at the meeting.

The afternoon of the second day of the meeting round table discussions were held to identify collaboration opportunities to work towards project objectives 1 to 6.

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2018-09-19-20-2ndPALE-BluMeetingMorocco.pdf

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PALE-Blu project outputs

Meeting Report For 1st PALE-Blu Meeting CVR Glasgow 06/09/2017

PALE-Blu — Tue, 29 Jan 2019 20:49:09 +0000

Meeting Report For 1st PALE-Blu Meeting CVR Glasgow 06/09/2017 PALE-Blu Tue, 01/29/2019 - 20:49

The Kick-off meeting for PALE-Blu was held at the Centre for Virus Research in Glasgow and was well attended by EU representatives and most of the partners (apart from Tunisian colleagues who had problems with visas).

The meeting was structured as a series of talks to include input and views from all partners and the EU commission, as well as information concerning finance from the coordinating partner (Geoge Rose – Partner 1).

The meeting agenda is presented below along with the abstracts that are available for individual talks. Links to the slide presentations from each speaker will also be made available to project partners.

On the second day the afternoon session was devoted to round-table discussions concerning the specific objectives. Overall it was a very successful and helpful meeting and we hope for real progress towards objectives and milestones in the coming years.

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2017-09-06-MeetingReportFor1stPALE-BluMeetingCVRGlasgow-LR update.pdf

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Knowledge Transfer

PALE-Blu — Fri, 10 Aug 2018 10:18:32 +0000

Knowledge Transfer PALE-Blu Fri, 08/10/2018 - 10:18

PALE-Blu knowledge transfer activities

The consortium will ensure that it meets its obligations regarding the management of ‘foreground’: protect it, use it and disseminate it. In addition to the PALE-Blu projects list of peer reviewed publications. The list of workshops, seminars and presentations below demonstrates how PALE-Blu partners are disseminating and sharing knowledge in practice.

Training activities

“Virus Variation, Taxonomy, Nomenclature and Classification”, Peter Mertens1, Nick J. Knowles2 Gillian Pullinger, Narender Maan, Marc Guimera, Manjunatha Belaganahalli, Fauziah Mohd Jaafar, Petra Fay, Houssam Attoui, Ana Carolina de Matos, Susan Jacobs, Jana Baron, Sushila Maan, Sam Stokes, Ewan Parry, Sarita Sanchez-Gallagher, Sarita Yadav and Kyriaki Nomikou. Seminar presented to post-graduate students, Imperial College, London, 17th October 2017.
“The dsRNA genome viruses and their replication strategies” Peter Mertens, Houssam Attoui Gillian Pullinger, Carrie Batten, Narender Maan, Marc Guimera, Manjunatha Belaganahalli, Fauziah Mohd Jaafar, Petra Fay, Houssam Attoui, Ana Carolina de Matos, Simon Gubbins, Simon Carpenter, Joseph Hughes, Roman Biek, Sushila Maan, Mark Boyce and Kyriaki Nomikou. Seminar presented to post-graduate students, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, 23rd October 2017.
“Bluetongue virus Outbreaks in Europe and their control by vaccination” Peter Mertens Gillian Pullinger, Sushila Maan Carrie Batten, Narender Maan, Marc Guimera, Elizabeth Morecroft, Carrie Batten, Manjunatha Belaganahalli, Fauziah Mohd Jaafar, Mark Boyce, Petra Fay, Houssam Attoui, Kyriaki Nomikou, Seminar presented to international training course on Human and veterinary vaccinology: Oxford 24th November 2017
“Bluetongue virus: Emergence in Europe and control by vaccination” Peter Mertens, Manjunatha Belaganahalli, Sushila Maan, Houssam Attoui, Fauziah Mohd-Jaafar, Narender Maan, Gill Pullinger, Mark Guimera, Antonio Arenas-Montes, Sarita Yadav, Petra Fey, Ana Carolina de Matos, Kyriaki Nomikou, Seminar presented to students at the University of Surrey 12th February 2018.

Talks and seminars presented by PALE-Blu partners

"A protective bivalent vaccine against Rift Valley fever and bluetongue viruses." Javier Ortego, Alejandro Marín López, Sandra Moreno, Gema Lorenzo, Sergio Utrilla Trigo, Luis Jiménez-Cabello, Julio Benavides, Aitor Nogales, Rafael Blasco, Alejandro Brun, Eva Calvo-Pinilla. American Society for Virology 39th Annual Meeting. Fort Collins, Colorado, EEUU 13-17/6/2020
"Combination of ChAdOx1 and MVA vectors expressing protein NS1 as vaccination strategy to induce durable and protective CD8 T cell immunity to bluetongue virus." Sergio Utrilla Trigo, Ruymán Alonso-Ravelo, Eva Calvo-Pinilla, Alejandro Marín López, Luis Jiménez- Cabello, Sarah Gilbert, Aitor Nogales, Javier Ortego. American Society for Virology 39th Annual Meeting. Fort Collins, Colorado, EEUU 13-17/6/2020
"Review on BTV vaccines. National Reference Laboratories Annual meeting 2019" Javier Ortego. Madrid, Spain 12/2019
"Immunization with ChAdOx1 and MVA vaccines expressing protein NS1 enhances CD8 T cell responses that protect mice and sheep against bluetongue virus." Sergio Utrilla-Trigo, Ruyman Alonso, Alejandro Marín-López, Sandra Moreno, Eva Calvo-Pinilla, Sarah Gilbert, Julio Benavides, Aitor Nogales, Javier Ortego. XV Congreso Nacional de Virología. Barcelona, Spain 9-12/7/2019
"Generation of a protective bivalent bluetongue and Rift valley fever virus vaccine based on recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara virus." Eva Calvo-Pinilla, Sandra Moreno, Alejandro Marín-López, Sergio Utrilla-Trigo, Aitor Nogales, Julio Benavides, Alejandro Brun, Javier Ortego. XV Congreso Nacional de Virología. Barcelona, Spain 9-12/7/2019
"A recombinant Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) expressing bluetongue virus (BTV) antigens provides immunity and protection against a BTV-4 challenge in mice and sheep" Sandra Moreno, Eva Calvo-Pinilla, Friedemann Weber, Julio Benavides, Javier Ortego, Alejandro Brun. XV Congreso Nacional de Virología. Barcelona, Spain 9-12/7/2019
“The development of diagnostic systems, reference collections and molecular epidemiology studies for important arboviral pathogens of livestock in India: an update” Peter Mertens Presentation to meeting for International BBSRC/DBT grant with Indian Colleagues 15th -16th March 2018.
“Virus: Strain variation and vaccines” Peter Mertens, David Haig Kyriaki Nomikou, Rennos Fragkoudis, Elizabeth Reid, Presentation to Chinese Delegation at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Science: Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham. 10Th June 2018.
“Antigenic relationships of outer coat protein, VP2, expressed in Nicotiniana benthamiana for multiple serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV)” Petra Fay, Janet Daly, George Lomonossoff, Carrie Batten and Peter Mertens. Accepted for presentation to Epizone August 2018.
“Molecular determinants of bluetongue virus that drive replication in the insect-vector cell” Guimerà Busquets M.1*, Pullinger G., Palmarini M., Darpel K. E., Fragkoudis R. and Mertens P.P.C. Accepted for presentation to the dsRNA virus Symposium, Lueven, Belgium, September 2018
“Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Bluetongue Virus Isolates from Southern India” Sarita Yadav, Kyriaki Nomikou, Sushila Maan, Narender Maan, Massimo Palmarini, Peter Mertens. Accepted for presentation to the dsRNA virus Symposium, Lueven, Belgium, September 2018
“The Reovirales a new taxonomic order: families Sedoreoviridae and Spinareoviridae” Houssam ATTOUI, Fauziah MOHD JAAFAR, Peter P C MERTENS, Accepted for presentation to the dsRNA virus Symposium, Lueven, Belgium, September 2018
“Vector competence: The role of viral proteins in transmission of bluetongue virus by midges” Piet A. van Rijn, Barbara S. Drolet, Ashley J.C. Roost, Jan Boonstra, and René G.P. van Gennip. Accepted for presentation to EPIZONE/ESVV meeting, Vienna, Austria, August 2018.
“Bluetongue in Europe, the past, the present and the future with a focus on diagnostics” Piet A. van Rijn. Invited speaker, EAVLD meeting, Brussels, Belgium, September 2018
“Disabled Infectious Single Animal (DISA) vaccine for African Horse Sickness” Piet A. van Rijn, Sandra G.P. van de Water, Christiaan A. Potgieter, and René G. P. van Gennip. Accepted for presentation to the dsRNA virus Symposium, Houffalize, Belgium, September 2018
“A novel vaccine approach for insect borne diseases; Disabled Infectious Single Animal (DISA) vaccine for Bluetongue” Piet A. van Rijn, Femke Feenstra, and René G. P. van Gennip Accepted for presentation to the dsRNA virus Symposium, Houffalize, Belgium, September 2018
“Orbivirus replication and reverse genetics” Piet A. van Rijn. Invited speaker, dsRNA virus Symposium, Houffalize, Belgium, September 2018
“The emergence, persistence and evolution of bluetongue viruses in Europe since 1998” Peter Mertens. Invited seminar presented at the Epizone Meeting in Paris 19th September 2017
“Next generation sequencing of dsRNA multi-segmented viruses: The bluetongue virus -BTV-Database”. Kyriaki Nomikou and Peter Mertens Presentation to policy group at the Department of Food and rural Affairs (DEFRA) London 30th November 2017.

List of other communication and dissemination activities

Participation by P. Mertens, S. Zientara and G. Savini in ‘bluetongue EFSA Panel’ meetings on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) In Parma, 13th March 2017, 18th April 2017, 17th May 2017 (see publication)

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PALE-Blu project outputs

PALE-Blu Project Deliverables

PALE-Blu — Tue, 03 Jul 2018 09:57:31 +0000

PALE-Blu Project Deliverables PALE-Blu Tue, 07/03/2018 - 09:57

PALE-Blu Project Deliverables

Completed project deliverable documents will be made publically available here:

D5.1: Serotype specific qRT-PCR for novel BTV serotypes

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PALE-Blu project outputs

PALE-Blu Publications

PALE-Blu — Thu, 26 Apr 2018 16:55:06 +0000

PALE-Blu Publications PALE-Blu Thu, 04/26/2018 - 16:55

PALE-Blu Publications

You will find a list of PALE-Blu publications linked below.

2022:

Fairbanks, E. L., Brennan, M. L., Mertens, P. P. C., Tildesley, M. J., & Daly, J. M. (2022). Re‐parameterization of a mathematical model of African horse sickness virus using data from a systematic literature search. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14420

2021:

Alkhamis M., Fountain-Jones NM., Aguilar-Vega C., Sanchez-Vizcaino J.M. Environment, vector, or host? Using machine learning to untangle the mechanisms driving arbovirus outbreaks. Ecological Applications, 31(7):e02407. DOI: 10.1002/eap.2407

Aguilar-Vega C., Rivera B., Lucientes J., Gutierrez-Boada I., Sanchez-Vizcaino J.M. A study of the composition of the Obsoletus complex and genetic diversity of Culicoides obsoletus populations in Spain. Parasites & vectors, 14(1):351. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04841-z

Attoui H, Monsion B, Klonjkowski B, Zientara S, Mertens PPC, Mohd Jaafar F. Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Type 26/Type 1 Reassortants Influencing Horizontal Transmission in a Mouse Model. Viruses. 2021; 13(11):2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112208

Attoui H., Jaafar F. M., Fragkoudis R. and Mertens, P. P.C. (2021) Vector Transmission of Animal Viruses. In: Bamford, D.H. and Zuckerman, M. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Virology, 4th Edition, vol. 1, pp. 542–551. Oxford: Academic Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814515-9.00135-1

Fairbanks, E. L., Brennan, M. L., Mertens, P. P. C., Tildesley, M. J., & Daly, J. M. (in press). Re-parameterisation of a mathematical model of African horse horse sickness virus using data from a systematic literature search. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/6347800

Guimerà Busquets, M.; Pullinger, G.D.; Darpel, K.E.; Cooke, L.; Armstrong, S.; Simpson, J.; Palmarini, M.; Fragkoudis, R.; Mertens, P.P.C. An Early Block in the Replication of the Atypical Bluetongue Virus Serotype 26 in Culicoides Cells Is Determined by Its Capsid Proteins. Viruses 2021, 13, 919. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13050919

Fay, P.C.; Mohd Jaafar, F.; Batten, C.; Attoui, H.; Saunders, K.; Lomonossoff, G.P.; Reid, E.; Horton, D.; Maan, S.; Haig, D.; Daly, J.M.; Mertens, P.P.C. Serological Cross-Reactions between Expressed VP2 Proteins from Different Bluetongue Virus Serotypes. Viruses 2021, 13, 1455. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13081455

Mignotte, A., Garros, C., Dellicour, S., Jacquot M., Gilbert M., Gardès L., Balenghien T., Duhayon M., Rakotoarivony I., de Wavrechin M., Huber K. High dispersal capacity of Culicoides obsoletus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), vector of bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses, revealed by landscape genetic analyses. Parasites Vectors 14, 93 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04522-3

Mohd Jaafar, F.; Monsion, B.; Belhouchet, M.; Mertens, P.P.C.; Attoui, H. Inhibition of Orbivirus Replication by Fluvastatin and Identification of the Key Elements of the Mevalonate Pathway Involved. Viruses 2021, 13, 1437. https:// doi.org/10.3390/v13081437

Utrilla-Trigo S, Jiménez-Cabello L, Calvo-Pinilla E, Marín-López A, Lorenzo G, Sánchez-Cordón P, Moreno S, Benavides J, Gilbert S, Nogales A, Ortego J. The Combined Expression of the Non-structural Protein NS1 and the N-Terminal Half of NS2 (NS21-180) by ChAdOx1 and MVA Confers Protection against Clinical Disease in Sheep upon Bluetongue Virus Challenge j. JVI0161421. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01614-21

van Rijn, P.A.; Maris-Veldhuis, M.A.; Spedicato, M.; Savini, G.; van Gennip, R.G.P. Pentavalent Disabled Infectious Single Animal (DISA)/DIVA Vaccine Provides Protection in Sheep and Cattle against Different Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus. Vaccines 2021, 9, 1150. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101150

2020:

Alkhamis M., Aguilar-Vega C., Fountain-Jones N.M., Lin K., Perez A.M., Sanchez-Vizcaino J.M. Global emergence and evolutionary dynamics of bluetongue virus. Scientific reports, 10(1):21677. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78673-9

Aguilar-Vega, C.; Bosch, J.; Fernández-Carrión, E.; Lucientes, J.; Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J.M. Identifying Spanish Areas at More Risk of Monthly BTV Transmission with a Basic Reproduction Number Approach. Viruses 2020, 12, 1158. DOI: 10.3390/v12101158

Aguilar-Vega C., Fernandez-Carrion E., Lucientes J., Sanchez-Vizcaino J.M. A model for the assessment of bluetongue virus serotype 1 persistence in Spain. PLoS ONE, 2020, 15(4):e0232534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232534

Alonso C, Utrilla-Trigo S, Calvo-Pinilla E, Jiménez-Cabello L, Ortego J, Nogales A. (2020) Inhibition of Orbivirus Replication by Aurintricarboxylic Acid. Int J Mol Sci. 2;21(19):7294. doi: 10.3390/ijms21197294.

Bell-Sakyi, L., Jaafar, F.M., Monsion, B., Luu, L., Denison, E., Carpenter, S., Attoui, H., Mertens, P.P.C. (2020). Continuous cell lines from the European biting midge Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen, 1830). Microorganisms 8, 825. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060825

Calvo-Pinilla E, Marín-López A, Moreno S, Lorenzo G; Utrilla-Trigo S, Jiménez-Cabello L, Benavides J, Nogales A, Blasco R, Brun A, Javier Ortego. (2020) A protective bivalent vaccine against Rift valley fever and bluetongue. NPJ Vaccines 5: 70. doi: 10.1038/s41541-020-00218-y.

Gahn, M.C.B.; Niakh, F.; Ciss, M.; Seck, I.; Lo, M.M.; Fall, A.G.; Biteye, B.; Fall, M.; Ndiaye, M.; Ba, A.; Seck, M.T.; Sall, B.; Lo, M.; Faye, C.; Squarzoni-Diaw, C.; Ka, A.; Amevoin, Y.; Apolloni, A. Assessing the Risk of Occurrence of Bluetongue in Senegal. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1766 doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8111766.

Golender N, Bumbarov V, Eldar A, Lorusso A, Kenigswald G, Varsano JS, David D, Schainin S, Dagoni I, Gur I, Kaplan A, Gorohov A, Koren O, Oron E, Khinich Y, Sclamovich I, Meir A, Savini G. (2020) Bluetongue Serotype 3 in Israel 2013-2018: Clinical Manifestations of the Disease and Molecular Characterization of Israeli Strains.Front Vet Sci. 2020 Mar 6;7:112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00112. eCollection 2020. PMID: 32211429

Jahel C., Lenormand M., Seck I., Apolloni A., Toure I., Faye C., Sall B., Lo M., Diaw C.S., Lancelot R. Coste C. (2020) Mapping livestock movements in Sahelian Africa. Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 2020, 10 (1), ⟨10.1038/s41598-020-65132-8⟩ DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65132-8

Jiménez-Cabello L, Utrilla-Trigo S, Calvo-Pinilla E, Moreno S, Nogales A, Ortego J, Marín-López A. (2020). Viral Vector Vaccines against Bluetongue Virus. Microorganisms. 9(1):42. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9010042.

Mignotte, A.; Garros, C.; Gardès, L.; Balenghien, T.; Duhayon, M.; Rakotoarivony, I.; Tabourin, L.; Poujol, L.; Mathieu, B.; Ibañez-Justicia, A.; Deniz, A.; Cvetkovikj, A.; Purse, B.V.; Ramilo, D.W.; Stougiou, D.; Werner, D.; Pudar, D.; Petric, D.; Veronesi, E.; Jacobs, F.; Kampen, H.; Pereira Da Fonseca, I.; Lucientes, J.; Navarro, J.; De La Puente, J.M.; Stefanovska, J.; Searle, K.R.; Khallaayoune, K.; Culverwell, C.L.; Larska, M.; Bourquia, M.; Goffredo, M.; Bisia, M.; England, M.; Robin, M.; Quaglia, M.; Miranda-Chueca, M.Á.; Bødker, R.; Estrada-Penã, R.; Carpenter, S.; Tchakarova, S.; Boutsini, S.; Sviland, S.; Schäfer, S.M.; Ozolina¸ , Z.; Seglina¸ , Z.; Vatansever, Z.; Huber, K. The tree that hides the forest: cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Palaearctic vector Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the European level. Parasites & Vectors, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2020), DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04114-1

Moreno S, Calvo-Pinilla E, Devignot S, Weber F, Ortego J, Brun A. (2020) Recombinant Rift Valley fever viruses encoding bluetongue virus (BTV) antigens: Immunity and efficacy studies upon a BTV-4 challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 4;14(12):e0008942. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008942.

Pascall D.J., Nomikou K., Bréard E., Zientara S., Filipe AdS., Hoffmann B., Jacquot M., SingerJ.B., De Clercq K., Bøtner A., Sailleau C., Viarouge C., Batten C., Puggioni G., Ligios C., Savini G., van Rijn P.A., Mertens P.P.C., Biek R., Palmarini M. (2020) “Frozen evolution” of an RNA virus suggests accidental release as a potential cause of arbovirus re-emergence. PLoS Biol 18(4): e3000673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000673

Rajko-Nenow P, Golender N, Bumbarov V, Brown H, Frost L, Darpel K, Tennakoon C, Flannery J, Batten C. (2020) Complete Coding Sequence of a Novel Bluetongue Virus Isolated from a Commercial Sheeppox Vaccine. Microbiol Resour Announc. 2020 Mar 5;9(10):e01539-19. DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01539-19. PMID: 32139561

Saminathan M., Singh K. P., Vineetha S., Maity M., Biswas S. K., Manjunathareddy G. B., chauhan H. C., Milton A. A. P., Ramakrishnan M. A., Maan S., Maan N. S., Hemadri D., Chande B. S., Gupta V. K. & Mertens P. P. C. Virological, immunological and pathological findings of transplacentally transmitted bluetongue virus serotype 1 in IFNAR1-blocked mice during early and mid gestation; Sci Rep 10, 2164 (2020). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58268-0

Stokes S, Almire F, Tatham MH, McFarlane S, Mertens P, Pondeville E, Boutelle C.. (2020) The SUMOylation pathway suppresses arbovirus replication in Aedes aegypti cells. PLoS Pathog 16(12): e1009134. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. ppat.1009134

Utrilla-Trigo S, Jiménez-Cabello L, Alonso-Ravelo R, Calvo-Pinilla E, Marín-López A, Moreno S, Lorenzo G, Benavides J, Gilbert S, Nogales A, Ortego J. (2020) Heterologous combination of ChAdOx1 and MVA vectors expressing protein NS1 as vaccination strategy to induce durable and cross-protective CD8+ T cell immunity to bluetongue virus. Vaccines (Basel), 29;8(3):E346. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030346.

Veronesi E., Darpel K., Gubbins S., Batten C., Nomikou K., Mertens P.P.C., Carpenter S. (2020). Diversity of Transmission Outcomes Following Co-Infection of Sheep with Strains of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 and 8. Microorganisms. 2020 Jun; 8(6): 851. Published online 2020 Jun 5. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060851

Zientara S., Beck C., Lecollinet S. 2020. Emerging vectorial diseases: West Nile fever, Bluetongue and Schmallenberg. Bull Acad Natl Med. DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.09.041

2019:

Aguilar-Vega C, Fernández-Carrión E, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. The possible route of introduction of bluetongue virus serotype 3 into Sicily by windborne transportation of infected Culicoides spp. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019;66(4):1665-73. DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13201.

Ahmed S., Mahmoud M.A.E.F., Viarouge C., Sailleau C., Zientara S., Breard E. (2019) Presence of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in Egypt in 2016 and 2017, Infection, Genetics and Evolution Volume 73, September 2019, Pages 221-226 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.04.033

Bréard E., Gorlier A., Viarouge V., Donnet F., Sailleau C., Schulz C., Hoffmann B., Comtet L., Beer M., Zientara S. and Vitour D. 2019. Evaluation of an IgM-specific ELISA for early detection of Bluetongue virus infection in domestic ruminants sera. Transbound Emerg Dis., 66, 537-545 PMID: 30394662 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13060

Cappai S., Rolesu S., Loi1 F., Liciardi M., Leone A., Marcacci M., Teodori L., Mangone I., Sghaier S., Portanti O., Savini G., Lorusso A. Western Bluetongue virus serotype 3 in Sardinia, diagnosis and characterization; Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019;66:1426–1431.; DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13156

Ciss M, Biteye B, Fall AG, Fall M, Gahn MCB, Leroux L and Apolloni A. Ecological niche modelling to estimate the distribution of Culicoides, potential vectors of bluetongue virus in Senegal; BMC Ecol (2019) 19:45 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0261-9

Curini V., Marcacci M., Tonelli A., Di Teodoro G., Di Domenico M., D'Alterio N., Portanti O., Ancora M., Savini G., Panfili M., Camma C., Lorusso A. Molecular typing of Bluetongue virus using the nCounter® analysis system platform. J Virol Methods. 2019 Jul;269:64-69. Epub 2019 Apr 2. PMID: 30951789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.04.002

El Arbi A.S., Kane Y., Metras R., Hammami P., Ciss M., Beye A., Lancelot R., Diallo A., Adama Diallo, Apolloni A. (2019) PPR control in a Sahelian Setting: what vaccination strategy for Mauritania? Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media, 2019, 6, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00242

Fay PC., Attoui H., Batten C. Jaafar FM., Lomonossoff GP., Daly JM., Mertens PPC. Bluetongue virus outer-capsid protein VP2 expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana raises neutralising antibodies and a protective immune response in IFNAR −/− miceVaccine: X Volume 2, 9 August 2019, 100026; DOI: 110.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100026

Flannery J, Sanz-Bernardo B, Ashby M, Brown H, Carpenter S, Cooke L, Corla A, Frost L, Gubbins S, Hicks H, Qureshi M, Rajko-Nenow P, Sanders C, Tully M, Bréard E, Sailleau C, Zientara S, Darpel K, Batten C. Evidence of reduced viremia, pathogenicity and vector competence in a re-emerging European strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8 in sheep. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019 May;66(3):1177-1185. DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13131. Epub 2019 Feb 22. PMID: 30661301

Golender N., Eldar A., Ehrlich M., Khinich Y., Kenigswald G., Varsano j. S., Ertracht S., Abramovitz I., Assis I., Shlamovitz I, Tiomkin E, Yonay E, Sharir B. and Bumbarov V. Y.; Emergence of a Novel Reassortant Strain of Bluetongue Serotype 6 in Israel, 2017: Clinical Manifestations of the Disease and Molecular Characterization. Viruses 2019, 11, 633; doi:10.3390/v11070633

Jacquot, M. Rao PP, Yadav S, Nomikou K, Maan S, Jyothi YK, Reddy N, Putty K, Hemadri D, Singh KP, Singh Maan N, Hegde NR, Mertens P, Biek R. (2019) Contrasting selective patterns across the segmented genome of bluetongue virus in a global reassortment hotspot. Virus Evolution, 5(2), vez027. (doi:10.1093/ve/vez027) (PMID:31392031) (PMCID:PMC6680063)

Kundlacz C., Caignard G., Sailleau C., Viarouge C., Postic L., Vitour D., Zientara S., Breard E.. 2019. Bluetongue virus in France: an illustration of the European and Mediterranean BTV situations since the 2000s. Viruses (IF 2019 : 3,811), 11(7). pi: E672. DOI: 10.3390/v11070672

Maan S., Belaganahalli M.N., Maan N.S., Potgieter A.C., Mertens P.P.C. Quantitative RT-PCR assays for identification and typing of the Equine encephalosis virus. Braz J Microbiol. 2019 Jan; 50(1): 287–296. Published online 2018 Dec 10. DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0034-1

Marín-Lopez A, Calvo-Pinilla E, Moreno S, Utrilla-Trigo S, Nogales A, Brun A, Fikrig E, Ortego J. (2019) Modeling arboviral infection in mice lacking the interferon Alpha/Beta Receptor. Viruses. 11(1). pii: E35. DOI: 10.3390/v11010035.12

Pascall, D.J.; Nomikou, K.; Bréard, E.; Zientara, S.; Silva Filipe, A.; Hoffmann, B.; Jacquot, M.; Singer, J.B.; De Clercq, K.; Bøtner, A.; Sailleau, C.; Viarouge, C.; Batten, C.; Puggioni, G.; Ligios, C.; Savini, G.; van Rijn, P.A.; Mertens, P.P.C.; Biek, R.; Palmarini, M. (2019) Evolutionary stasis of an RNA virus indicates arbovirus re-emergence triggered by accidental release. DOI: 10.1101/2019.12.11.872705

Reid E., Mertens P., Haig D. Control of Animal Disease, Exemplified by Vaccination against Bluetongue in Ruminants. ECVeterinary Science RCO.01 (2019): 01-03.

Ries C., Beer M., Hoffmann B. BTV antibody longevity in cattle five to eight years post BTV-8 vaccination; Vaccine. 2019 May 6;37(20):2656-2660. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.082. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Stevens L.M., Moffat K., Cooke L., Nomikou1 K., Mertens P.P.C., Jackson T., Darpel K.E. A low-passage insect-cell isolate of bluetongue virus uses a macropinocytosis-like entry pathway to infect natural target cells derived from the bovine host, First Published: 07 March 2019 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001240

van Rijn PA. Prospects of Next-Generation Vaccines for Bluetongue Front. Vet. Sci., 21 November 2019 DOI:10.3389/fvets.2019.00407

Vinomack C, Rivière J, Bréard E, Viarouge C, Postic L, Zientara S, Vitour D, Belbis G, Spony V, Pagneux C, Sailleau C, Zanella G. Clinical cases of Bluetongue serotype 8 in calves in France in the 2018-2019 winter. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019 Dec 28. DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13466

2018:

Sailleau C, Breard E, Viarouge C, Gorlier A, Leroux A, Hirchaud E, Lucas P, Blanchard Y, Vitour D, Grandcollot-Chabot M, Zientara S. Emergence of bluetongue virus serotype 4 in mainland France in November 2017. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2018 Jul 2. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12919. PMID: 29885075.
Bréard E, Schulz C, Sailleau C, Bernelin-Cottet C, Viarouge C, Vitour D, Guillaume B, Caignard G, Gorlier A, Attoui H, Gallois M, Hoffmann B, Zientara S, Beer M. Bluetongue virus serotype 27: Experimental infection of goats, sheep and cattle with three BTV-27 variants reveal atypical characteristics and likely direct contact transmission BTV-27 between goats. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2018 Apr;65(2):e251-e263. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12780. Epub 2017 Dec 15. PMID: 29243405
Schulz C, Sailleau C, Bréard E, Flannery J, Viarouge C, Zientara S, Beer M, Batten C, Hoffmann B. Experimental infection of sheep, goats and cattle with a bluetongue virus serotype 4 field strain from Bulgaria, 2014. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2018 Apr;65(2):e243-e250. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12746. Epub 2017 Nov 8. PMID: 29119690.
Courtejoie Noémie, Benoit Durand, Emmanuel Bréard, Corinne Sailleau, Damien Vitour, Stéphan Zientara, Axel Gorlier, Florence Baurier, Corinne Gourmelen, Fabienne Benoit, Hamid Achour, Claire Milard, Sylvie Poliak, Caroline Pagneux, Cyril Viarouge, Gina Zanella. 2017. Serological status for BTV-8 in French cattle prior to the 2015 re-emergence. Transbound Emerg Dis. (IF 2016 : 3,585), Sep 22. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12718.
Eduardo Fernández-Carrión, Benjamin Ivorra, Ángel Manuel Ramos, Beatriz Martínez-López, Cecilia Aguilar-Vega, José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno. An advection-deposition-survival model to assess the risk of introduction of vector-borne diseases through the wind: Application to bluetongue outbreaks in Spain. PLoS ONE 13(3): e0194573. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0194573.
Marín-López A, Calvo-Pinilla E, Barriales D, Lorenzo G, Brun A, Anguita J, Ortego J. CD8 T CELL RESPONSES TO AN IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE WITHIN THE NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEIN NS1 PROVIDES WIDE IMMUNOPROTECTION AGAINST BLUETONGUE VIRUS IN IFNAR(-/-) MICE. J Virol. 2018 Jun 6. pii: JVI.00938-18. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00938-18. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 29875250
Reddy YV, Susmitha B, Patil S, Krishnajyothi Y, Putty K, Ramakrishna KV, Sunitha G, Devi BV, Kavitha K, Deepthi B, Krovvidi S, Reddy YN, Reddy GH, Singh KP, Maan NS, Hemadri D, Maan S, Mertens PP, Hegde NR, Rao PP. Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2018 Apr;65(2):547-556. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12738. Epub 2017 Nov 9.MID:29120083
Maan S, Kumar A, Gupta AK, Dalal A, Chaudhary D, Gupta TK, Bansal N, Kumar V, Batra K, Sindhu N, Kumar A, Mahajan NK, Maan NS, Mertens PPC. Concurrent infection of Bluetongue and Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus in small ruminants in Haryana State of India. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2018 Feb;65(1):235-239. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12610. Epub 2017 Jan 24. PMID:28116836
P. A. van Rijn, J. Boonstra , and H. G. P. van Gennip. (2018). Recombinant Newcastle disease viruses with targets for PCR diagnostics for Rinderpest and Peste-des-petits ruminants. J. Virol. Methods 259, 50-53.
Piet A. van Rijn, Mieke A. Maris-Veldhuis, Jan Boonstra and René G. P. van Gennip. (2018). Diagnostic DIVA tests accompanying the Disabled Infectious Single Animal (DISA) vaccine platform for African horse sickness (conditionally accepted to Vaccine 36, 3584–3592.
Piet A. van Rijn, Mieke A. Maris-Veldhuis, Christiaan A. Potgieter, and René G. P. van Gennip. (2018). African horse sickness virus (AHSV) with a deletion of 77 amino acids in NS3/NS3a protein is not virulent and a safe promising AHS Disabled Infectious Single Animal (DISA) vaccine platform. Vaccine 36, 1923-1933.
Maurilia Marcacci, Serena Sant, Iolanda Mangone, Maria Goria, Alessandro Dondo, Simona Zoppi, René G.P. van Gennip, Maria Cristina Radaelli, Cesare Cammà, Piet A. van Rijn, Giovanni Savini, Alessio Lorusso. (2018). One after the other: a novel Bluetongue virus strain related to Toggenburg virus detected in Piedmont region (north western Italy), extends the panel of novel atypical BTV strains. Transbound Emerg Dis. 65:2, 370-74.

2017:

Jacquot M, Nomikou K, Palmarini M, Mertens P, Biek R. Bluetongue virus spread in Europe is a consequence of climatic, landscape and vertebrate host factors as revealed by phylogeographic inference. Proc Biol Sci. 2017 Oct 11;284(1864). pii: 20170919. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0919. PMID:29021180

Hemadri D, Maan S, Chanda MM, Rao PP, Putty K, Krishnajyothi Y, Reddy GH, Kumar V, Batra K, Reddy YV, Maan NS, Reddy YN, Singh KP, Shivachandra SB, Hegde NR, Rahman H, Mertens PPC. Dual Infection with Bluetongue Virus Serotypes and First-Time Isolation of Serotype 5 in India. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2017 Dec;64(6):1912-1917. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12589. Epub 2016 Dec 21. PMID: 28004522
Fowler VL, Howson ELA, Flannery J, Romito M, Lubisi A, Agüero M, Mertens P, Batten CA, Warren HR, Castillo-Olivares J. Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Rapid Detection of African Horse Sickness Virus. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2017 Oct;64(5):1579-1588. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12549. PMID: 27484889
Simon More, Dominique Bicout, Anette Bøtner, Andrew Butterworth, Klaus Depner, Sandra Edwards, Bruno Garin-Bastuji, Margaret Good, Christian Gortazar Schmidt, Virginie Michel, Miguel Angel Miranda, Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Mohan Raj, Liisa Sihvonen, Hans Spoolder, Jan Arend Stegeman, Hans-Hermann Thulke, Antonio Velarde, Preben Willeberg, Christoph Winckler, Peter Mertens, Giovanni Savini, Stephan Zientara, Alessandro Broglia, Francesca Baldinelli, Andrey Gogin, Lisa Kohnle and Paolo Calistri. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bluetongue EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), (2017) EFSA Journal doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4957
Piet A. van Rijn, Franz J. Daus, Mieke A. Maris-Veldhuis, Femke Feenstra, and René G.P. van Gennip (2017). Bluetongue Disabled Infectious Single Animal (DISA) vaccine: Studies on the optimal route and dose in sheep. Vaccine 35, 231-237
Femke Feenstra and Piet A. van Rijn (2017). Current and next-generation bluetongue vaccines: Requirements, strategies, and prospects for different field situations. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 42:2, 142-155
Cristina C. Celma, Meredith Stewart, Michael Eschbaumer, Kerstin Wernike, Lorenzo Gonzalez-Molleda, Emmanuel Breard, Claudia Schulz, Bernd Hoffmann, Andy Haegeman, Kris De Clercq, Stephan Zientara, Piet A. van Rijn, Martin Beer, and Polly Roy (2017). Replication-deficient particles: New insights into the next generation of bluetongue virus vaccines. J. Virol. 91:e01892-16.
Belbis G., Zientara S, E. Bréard, C. Sailleau, G CAIGNARD, D. Vitour, H. Attoui. 2017. Bluetongue virus: from BTV-1 to BTV-27. Advances in Virus Research (IF 2014 : 4,571), 2017;99:161-197. doi: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2017.08.003. Epub 2017 Sep 22. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065352717300210

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